What is meant by "electrical resistance" of a conductor? State how the resistance of a conductor is affected when $(i)$ a low current passes through it for a short duration; $(ii)$ a heavy current passes through it for about $30$ seconds.

Define one ampere.

$(a)$ What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is $1$ volt?
$(b)$ Why does the connecting cord of an electrical heater not glow while the heating element does?
$(c)$ Electrical resistivities of some substances at $20^{\circ}C$ are given below:

Silver	$1.60 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m$
Copper	$1.62 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m$
Tungsten	$5.2 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m$
Iron	$10.0 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m$
Mercury	$94.0 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m$
Nichrome	$100 \times 10^{-6} \, \Omega m$

Answer the following questions in relation to them:
$(i)$ Among silver and copper, which one is a better conductor? Why?
$(ii)$ Which material would you advise to use in electrical heating devices? Why?

What is the cause of resistance?

$A$ conducting wire offers resistance to the flow of electrons because electrons repel each other in the wire.

$A$ current of $1 \ A$ flows in a series circuit containing an electric lamp and a conductor of $5 \ \Omega$ when connected to a $10 \ V$ battery. Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp. Now,if a resistance of $10 \ \Omega$ is connected in parallel with this series combination,what change (if any) in the current flowing through the $5 \ \Omega$ conductor and the potential difference across the lamp will take place? Give reason.